FAQs about E. Coli Infections

What is E. coli?

E. coli (Escherichia coli) is a type of bacteria commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals. While most strains are harmless and part of a healthy gut, some, like Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), can cause severe foodborne illness.

How do people get infected with E. coli?

E. coli infections are typically caused by consuming contaminated food or water. Common sources include:

• Raw or undercooked meats, especially ground beef.
• Fresh produce, such as lettuce or onions.
• Unpasteurized dairy products or juices.
• Contaminated water or ice.
• Direct contact with infected animals or people.

What are the symptoms of E. coli infection?

The most common symptoms include:

• Severe stomach cramps.
• Watery or bloody diarrhea.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Mild fever.

In severe cases, complications like hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can develop, leading to kidney failure.

How long does it take for symptoms to appear?

Symptoms usually develop within 1 to 10 days after exposure, with most cases appearing 3 to 4 days post-infection.

Can E. coli infections be treated?

Most E. coli infections resolve on their own within 5 to 7 days. However, severe cases may require hospitalization for:

• IV fluids to prevent dehydration.
• Monitoring and treatment for complications like HUS.

Antibiotics are not recommended for E. coli infections, as they can worsen the condition by increasing toxin release.

Who is most at risk for severe complications?

Children under 5, the elderly, pregnant individuals, and those with weakened immune systems are at higher risk for severe outcomes, including kidney damage from HUS.

How is E. coli diagnosed?

E. coli infection is diagnosed through a stool sample tested for the presence of harmful strains, such as STEC.

Can you spread E. coli to others?

Yes, E. coli is contagious. It can spread through:

• Direct person-to-person contact, especially if proper hygiene is not practiced.
• Shared surfaces or objects contaminated by an infected person.

What should I do if I think I have E. coli?

If you suspect an E. coli infection:

• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
• Avoid taking anti-diarrheal medications without medical advice, as they may slow recovery.
• Seek medical attention if you experience severe symptoms, such as bloody diarrhea, high fever, or signs of dehydration.

Are there long-term effects of E. coli infection?

In severe cases, complications like HUS can cause long-term kidney damage or other health issues. Most individuals recover fully, but some may experience prolonged fatigue or digestive issues.